In Search of Truth

Part 1

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and Hazrat Usman (pbuh) were born in two branches of Quraish dynasty. The Quraysh clan split into two factions or tribes because of internal dispute; Hashimi clan and Umayya clan. The root cause of conflict was wealth. Ultimately the leadership was divided as follows - the ownership and supervision of the Kaaba and the money earned during the Hajj (visiting the gods) season would be owned by the Hashimi clan. And the country's defense - administration and the ownership of the war assets would be in the hands of the Umayya group.

The Umayya received revenue from city rule was negligible compared to that of the Kaaba. The Umayyad clan fell far behind the Hashimi’s in wealth. But they made great strides in politics, diplomacy and education through military department and administration. That time, the Umayyas, to solve the economic problems, jumped into business. By making use of diplomatic experience, they were able to make great progress in business and money making, in addition, they were able to build good relations with the outside world.

Discrimination, disputes, violence and hatred between the Umayya and Hashimi groups increased day by day. And it came to an extreme point during the time of one of the most powerful leaders of the Hashimi clan, the father of eleven children, Abdul Muttalib. Abdul Muttalib's sons Abdullah and Abu Talib were father to Muhammad (PBUH) and Hazrat Ali (RA) respectively. Six or seven years after that, Hazrat Usman (RA) was born to Urdi, the Affan clan wife of the Umayya dynasty. Just as Muhammad (PBUH) lost his father Abdullah and was brought up under the shelter of his uncle Abu Talib in his childhood, Hazrat Usman (RA) lost his father Affan and took the shelter of his uncle Hakam when he was a teenager.

A group of libertarians with free thinking and opposing ideology and liberal philosophies emerged when Arabia was at the zenith of decadence with Umayya and Hashimi due to self-conflicts, tribal conflicts, polytheism, and ownership of religious places. Those were called Hanifi at that time. Waraqa bin-Nofel and Zayd bin-Umar were the founding members of that 'Hanafi' group. Members of the 'Hanafi' faction included the Meccan-born Obaidullah bin Jahs and Usman bin Al-Hurayith, among them was Waraqa bin Naufal, a cousin of Muhammad's (PBUH) first wife Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH) and Muhammad's (PBUH) 'Propagator of Islam', giving Muhammad (PBUH) religious indoctrination; It was known that he was also the catalyst for the marriage of Khadija and Muhammad (PBUH).

The Hanifi clan openly declared distrust of the once dominant 'pagan religion' of Mecca. As a result, many of them had to leave the country due to the wrath of the Quraish clan. Obaidullah bin Jahs fled for his life to the neighboring Christian kingdom of Abyssinia and converted to Christianity there; His wife Umm Habiba was later married by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), and Usman bin Al-Huayrith also moved to the Byzantine Empire to save his life from the Quraish; He also converted to Christianity there.

Waraqa bin-Nofel and Zayd bin-Umar were the most beloved of Muhammad (pbuh). Those two people later became the first and main helpers in the discovery of the new religion 'Islam' by Muhammad (PBUH). Waraka bin-Nofel was an expert on the Judeo-Christian scriptures of the Torah, Psalms and Injil, and Zayd bin-Umar was a poet and writer. The poetic form, rhythm and diction of the Qur'an were largely borrowed from Zayd bin-Umar.

In 610 AD Muhammad (PBUH) announced his new religion 'Islam'. A fire broke out in the city of Makkah. The Umayya party felt insulted by the declaration of this new religion of the Hashemite Muhammad (pbuh), and the people of Muhammad's (pbuh) own tribe were worried about the end of paganism, fearing that the way of huge income from the Kaaba house for the sake of the gods and goddesses would be closed

Meanwhile, Hazrat Usman (R.A.) became well-known in the country and abroad as a result of making great progress in business with the help of his uncle Hakam. One day he met Abu-Bakr (R.A.), a merchant of Makkah, through business sources. Usman (RA) loved Rokeya, the first daughter of Muhammad (PBUH) and wanted to marry her. But when he heard that Rokeya's marriage had taken place elsewhere, Usman (RA) was very sad.

Muhammad (pbuh) first married Khadijah, a forty-year-old, twice-married, extremely wealthy woman, as preplanned to declare his new religion Islam. Muhammad (pbuh) knew very well that without power and money his new religion would die in infancy; As was the case with the Hanifis. So he married his two daughters Rokeya and Umm-Kalsum to two non-Muslim brothers named Atiba and Utba Ibn Abu Lahab.

The marriage of the two daughters of the Prophet was certainly not according to Islamic law; Because neither Abu Lahab nor his two sons were followers of Islam, they could not even accept the religion, fearing that was a threat to the religion of their forefathers. So Atiba and Utba, hearing the news of Muhammad's (PBUH) new religion, not only expressed their intense hatred towards the Prophet, but also divorced his two daughters and threw them out of the house. Muhammad (pbuh) was deeply saddened but could not do anything, except curse them (note 'Surah Lahab' of Qur'an Sharif).

Muhammad (PBUH) heard about 'Usman's desire' thru Abu Bakr because of the divorce of the two daughters of the Prophet. Muhammad was also waiting for such an opportunity. The plan to acquire power had failed but that time the opportunity to acquire money could not be missed. Muhammad (pbuh) agreed to give his daughter in marriage to Usman if he accepted the condition of accepting the newly preached Islam. Uthman (RA) happily accepted Islam and became romantically involved with Rokeya. All the dreams of uncle Hakam, to complete the marriage of Usman in state honor by playing drums and music, were shattered. Usman (ra) was not allowed to go to the palace of Taif with the bride.

A few days later, bearing the burden of censure and humiliation, Usman traveled with his bride to the neighboring Christian state of Abyssinia with the newly expelled Muslim clan from Mecca. In the poor country of Abyssinia, Usman (R.A.) tried hard to earn a living but failed. During eight long years of endless suffering in Abyssinia, news came to Rokeya one day in 619 A.D. that the once renowned woman of Arabia, possessed of endless wealth, mother Khadijah had fallen ill in extreme poverty and died without treatment. Bereavement not only broke Rokey's mind, but also her body; She fell ill.

In 622 AD, Muhammad (PBUH) fled towards Madinah with Abu Bakr (RA) in the dark of night fearing his death by the Quraysh. In the history of Islam, this event is called 'Hijrat'. At that time Muhammad (pbuh) was fifty-three years old and his preaching had been going on for thirteen years. On his arrival in Medina, Muhammad prepared to reveal the political goal of Islam hidden behind his so far ascetic garb. Tasbih in one hand and a sword in other hand!

A few days later, when Rokeya was on herr deathbed, Muhammad (pbuh) with three hundred and thirteen followers of his thirteen-year-old army, was fighting on the edge of Badr, about sixty miles southwest of Medina. Muhammad (pbuh) stopped a group of Quraish merchants from Syria to Makkah. Through the courier, the Quraysh of Mecca learned that it was not possible to rescue the merchant group from the hands of Muhammad without war. The first battle in the history of Islam took place at the edge of Badr. Muhammad himself was in charge of the commander on behalf of the Muslims. The desert of Badr was stained with the blood of seventy fresh souls. And among that blood, young Islam found the wonderful taste of living and flourishing. Commander Muhammad (PBUH) won the battle by killing seventy people and capturing many more. When Muhammad (pbuh) returned home to Medina with his proud army as a conqueror, Rokeya was no more in the world.

The Battle of Badr ensued enthusiasm and hope and were transmitted towards the realization of his pre-planned (expansion of wealth and power). Muhammad (pbuh) concentrated on organizing another war.

Bereaved of his wife, Usman (R.A.) devoted himself fully to business after a few days. Usman (RA), well-known in business, made great progress overnight using his past experience. By that time, Umm-Kalsum, the second daughter of Muhammad (pbuh), who was divorced as a teenager, was a young woman. Usman (RA) fell in love with Kalsum. Proposed marriage to the Prophet. The proposal of Usman (ra) who was incomparable in terms of wealth and appearance was accepted.

Just a year after the first battle, Muhammad's (pbuh) second battle with the Quraish took place in the desert of Uhud, six miles northeast of Medina, in the third year of the Hijri. That time baby Islam not only drank blood, but also tasted the nectar of war-gained wealth. The victorious Muslims in three consecutive battles (Badr, Ohud, Ahzab) gained a lot of wealth and were able to capture many children, youths, men and women of the enemy side. Muslims realized that war is an unimaginably profitable business.

The defeated Quraish were terrified. Islam created terror throughout the Arab world. In the sixth Hijri, Muhammad (pbuh) attacked the Jews of the Bani-Muttalik tribe with a large army. The Jews suffered greatly in that war. Many of their women were captured by the Muslims.

The Bani-Muttalik tribe or the Quraysh merchants on their way home from Syria did not attack Medina. Evidence that Muhammad (pbuh) with troops used to carry out 'offensive' attacks on unarmed camel caravans in the dark of night to plunder wealth was also found in many hadiths.

That time, Muhammad (pbuh) organized the conquest of Makkah with fourteen hundred soldiers in order to test the psychology and strength of the Quraish. Six miles from the city of Makkah they reached the valley of Hudaybiyyah and did not advance further. Although it was too late, the Meccans saw the ferocious political face of Muhammad hidden behind the 'ascetic-hermit' garb.

Upon receiving the news of the arrival of Muhammad (pbuh) with fourteen hundred soldiers, the Quraish made all preparations in advance. As the messenger of Muhammad (PBUH), Usman (RA) met the leaders of Quraish and said that they did not come to fight, they came to visit the Kaaba. The blood stain of Badr had not yet dried from the hearts of the Quraish. Usman (RA) was imprisoned. The Muslims got angry on hearing the news. They put their hands on Prophet’s hand and took a death oath that they would not return without conquering Makkah. For the time being, the two sides were saved from a serious disaster by the intervention of some tribal leaders who came from different areas on the occasion of Hajj (to see the gods and goddesses). They were able to establish a treaty between the two parties, known historically as the 'Treaty of Hodaibiya'.

In the Arab world, under the leadership of Muhammad (pbuh), a large unopposed Muslim force with monopoly power arose. They finally captured the city of Mecca on January 11, 630 AD without a fight. From Badr to the Battle of Tabuk, Muhammad (pbuh) commanded at least nine battles in the ten years. He gave his last historic speech in 632 AD at the Maidan of Arafat. Two months after this speech, the Messenger of Allah (?) Muhammad (PBUH) left this world at the age of 63 years.

Translated from the works of https://www.facebook.com/russel495

 In Search of Truth

Part 2

Immediately after the death of Muhammad (PBUH), Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), the father-in-law of Muhammad, took power undemocratically. The Quraysh leaders who fled from Mecca in the lust for power forgot about the Ansari in Medina. They did not listen to any demands and protests of the people of Medina. The Muslim leader of Madinah Hazrat_Saad (RA) made it clear that the Caliph will be chosen from among the Ansaris of Madinah. The people of Medina eventually agreed to accept two caliphs, one from Mecca and one from Medina. Their demand was also rejected. The fire of violence flared up inside and outside Madinah.

Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Fatima (RA) the youngest daughter of Muhammad could not accept Abu Bakr (RA) as Caliph from the beginning. Muhammad's (PBUH) daughter Fatima (PBUH) and her uncle Abbas (PBUH) claimed some property held by Muhammad (PBUH) in Madinah and Khaybar, and they quarreled with Abu Bakr over that. Finally, after about six months, considering various social aspects, Ali (ra) accepted Abu Bakr's (ra) caliphate, and the matter was suppressed.

During the reign of Abu Bakr, the forced converts of the time of Muhammad (pbuh) declared rebellion. Non-Muslim governments refused to pay the Jizia Tax unjustly imposed on them. People sought release from a life of ten years of conflict and unrest created by Muhammad. Many new Muslims reverted to their previous religion. The powerful Banu-Bakr tribe of Bahrain (who were forced to convert to Islam during the time of Muhammad (pbuh) to save their lives) openly renounced Islam. The people of Amman also left Islam. Abu Bakr (RA) ran a dictatorial steamroller on the people. He appointed fericious Sahabi Khalid bin Alid (RA) as the commander in chief.

Note that in the battle of Muta, a slave named Zayd was killed; To avenge that, Muhammad (pbuh) prepared to invade Syria a few weeks before his (Muhammad's) death. To complete the unfinished work of Muhammad (pbuh), Abu Bakr (pbuh) first attacked Syria. Khusrau Parvez of Iran, who had once ordered the imprisonment of Muhammad (pbuh), Abu Bakr (pbuh) prepared to invade Iran to punish him as well.

On the orders of Abu Bakr (RA), Khalid bin Alid (RA) recklessly launched brutal attacks on one tribe after another of the Arab tribes. At the same time, the militant commanders of Abu Bakr (R.A.) spread in all directions.

In just two years of autocracy, Abu Bakr turned the whole of Arabia into a battlefield. Before his death, he appointed another autocratic ruler of his own choice. Omar Ibn Khattab (RA).

Omar (RA) completely destroyed the two countries Iraq and Iran while sitting in Masnad. Omar more dangerous than Khalid bin Ali, handed over the military power to terrorists like Ubayd, Talha, Zobair, Abdur Rahman, Saad bin Abi Waqqas and Mutana. No one will ever know the exact count of how many hundreds of lives, how many people and animals died under the sword of Omar, the second caliph of Islam in Iraq and Iran. Before his death, Umar (RA) left the responsibility of choosing the caliph to Abdur Rahman bin Awf and his (Umar's) son Abdullah in order to maintain the continuity of his own and Abu Bakr's autocratic dictatorship. The two of them had a secret meeting in a dark room and brought the name of seventy year old Usman (RA), the husband of Muhammad's two daughters. Hazrat Ali (RA) exclaimed 'No-I don't agree, this is a farce, a lie in the name of religion, an injustice, this is fraud!'

On November 7, 644 AD, Usman (RA) assumed the responsibility of the Caliphate as the third Caliph of Islam. The Umayyas of Makkah were not happy after Usman's caliphate, the Hashimis felt embarrassed. After three successive caliphs came to power, the hapless Medinans could not understand the plight of the refugees from Mecca. They realized that the Quraysh had taken over Madinah, and that the people of Madinah had no place in the state power. Even after so long, the so-called 'brotherhood' Islam of Muhammad (pbuh) could not eliminate the differences between the Muslims of Makkah-Madinah and the Umayya-Hashimis.

Usman (RA) did something strange immediately after gaining power, according to Prophet’s companions that was contrary to constitution of Qur'an written by Muhammad (pbuh).

Hazrat Obaidullah, the son of Hazrat Umar (RA), the second caliph, killed three innocent people in one day. The incident was as follows: To Hazrat Omar, a man named Firoz Abu Lulu, appealed to reduce the amount of taxes imposed on him. Firoz of Persia was captured by the Muslims in a war and sold as a slave. In order to be freed from slavery, Firoz converted to Islam and later converted to Christianity. Hazrat Omar refused Feroze's request. Firoz living in Kufa earned his livelihood by working as a carpenter. He came to Medina. One day he found Omar in a deserted mosque and stabbed him six times with a knife and committed suicide. Omar died three days after being stabbed. The next day Hazrat Omar's son Obaidullah first came from Persia and killed Zufaina, the slave of Hazrat Sader (RA). Obaidullah went to Firoz's house after killing Harmuzan and Zufaina. He killed his daughter after failing to find Feroze.

The trial of the murders committed by the Caliph Omar-son took place. Today the world will see the justice of Islamic law for such a brutal murder. The oppressed heirs awere looking at the face of Caliph Usman.

Fikah scholars agree that Obaidullah, the son of Caliph Hazrat Umar, would be sentenced to death; Because one of the three people killed, Harmujan, who came from Persia, was a Muslim. According to Shariah, if a Muslim was killed, the murderer was punished by death. The second was the slave of a companion. The third was a woman, who knew nothing about the murder of Caliph Omar. Hazrat Ali (RA) expressed his opinion in favor of capital punishment for the criminal Obaidullah. Prophet’s companion Hazrat Amr Ibnul (R.A.) and like him some known assassins paid by Hazrat Omar stood up during the terrorist trial and protested the verdict given by Hazrat Ali.

Caliph Usman (RA) did not follow Quran-Hadith. Hazrat Obaidullah was acquitted by showing a thumb to Sharia law and world conscience. Omar's relatives were very happy, but the people of Medina were sad. Enraged by this incident, the famous Muslim poet of Madinah, Ziyad Ibn Labid, wrote a poem satirizing Khalifa Usman, the murderer Obaidullah and Sharia law.

The Quraish of Makkah lived by herding sheep and goats and tending to the Kaaba. Today, the Quraish occupy central and local government positions in almost every area of the Arab world, including Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt. A shepherd priest to statesman. The Quraysh rulers in the occupied countries became accustomed to a life of luxury with countless slaves, an abundance of free wealth. Usman's (RA) central government from Madinah wrote to the governors of the conquered states to send appropriate taxes. The non-Muslim governments of some areas, far from sending taxes, rejected Islamic rule and declared independence. The Muslim government itself, the governor of Egypt, Hazrat Amr Ibnul As (RA) wrote in reply to Usman's (RA) letter: 'The udder of camel is incapable of giving more milk'. It was Sahabi Hazrat Amr Ibnul who advised Caliph Usman not to punish Hazrat Omar's murderous son Obaidullah.

A few days later, food shortages appeared in Madinah. The warehouses from wealth of robbery and loot were going to be empty. The people of Medina faced the greatest danger. They were agriculturists by profession. They were not used to the trade of robbery, so they did not participate in war. Booty (looted women and wealth) did not add to their fortunes. On the other hand, the Quraish of Makkah lived by herding sheep and goats and taking care of the Kaaba house. Today, the Quraish occupy central and local government positions in almost every area of the Arab world, including Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt.

Usman's (RA) central government from Madinah wrote to the governors of the conquered states to send appropriate taxes. The governor of Egypt, Hazrat Amr Ibnul As (RA) wrote in reply to the letter of Uthman (RA): 'A camel is incapable of giving more milk'. It was Sahabi Hazrat Amr Ibnul As who advised Caliph Uthman not to punish Hazrat Omar's murderous son Obaidullah.

Caliph Uthman (RA) was very angry. He ordered the demotion of Hazrat Amr Ibnul. In his place, the military governor of Port Said appointed Abdullah bin Sa'd bin Abi Sarah as the governor of all of Egypt.

Incidentally, here I feel the need to narrate an earlier incident about Hazrat Abdullah bin Saad bin Abi Sarah: After the conquest of Makkah, Muhammad (pbuh) made a list of some (eight/ten) of his companions, colleagues and one-time well-wishers. Abdullah bin Saad bin Abi Sarah was one of them. They all will be killed; Because Muhammad (pbuh) suspected that they would one day prove his 'newness' and 'religion' to be false.

Abdullah bin Saad bin Abi Sarah used to write down the Quran spoken by Muhammad (PBUH). Muhammad (pbuh) would sometimes repeat the same incident and make some changes in the incident, and Abdullah bin Sa'd would catch it.

Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Al Badawi narrated in his Tafseer-Book 'Anwar Al-Tanzil wa Asrar Al Tawil' - One day Muhammad (PBUH) asked Abdullah Bin Sa'd to write the sentences from 12 to 14 of Surah Al-Mu'minun. The sentences were-

"And surely We have created man from the essence of mud." (Verse 12)

"Then we make him a sperm in a safe place." (Verse 13)

'Then We made the sperm into a blood clot, then from the blood clot We made flesh, then from flesh we made bones, then We covered the bones with flesh. Finally, I made him stand in a new form. (Verse 14)

After Muhammad (pbuh) said sentence No. 14, Abdullah bin Sa'd said in his literary language - "How benevolent is Allah, the Most Masterful Creator". Muhammad (pbuh) said, "Add this sentence too". Abdullah bin Sa'd was shocked. He said in his heart, how could the words of my mouth be the word of God!

Another time when Muhammad said at the end of a verse - 'And Allah is Mighty and Wise' ('Aziz' and 'Hakim' in Arabic) Abdullah bin Sa'd suggested to write 'And Allah is All-Knowing and Wise ('Alim' and 'Hakim'). . Muhammad did not object. Now Abdullah bin Saad was convinced that the Qur'an is not a divine word. He renounced Islam and distanced himself from Muhammad.

Abdullah was the foster brother of Hazrat Usman. He begged for the life of Abdullah bin Saad to Muhammad (PBUH). Under Muhammad's (pbuh) order, the assassin was standing near his head with a sharp sword in his hand. But Muhammad (PBUH) could not point the finger, ignoring the pleas of son-in-law Usman, the husband of his two daughters. Abdullah Bin Sa'd (RA) was saved for his life. The proof of the crime of Abdullah Bin Saad (RA), the one-time favorite and trusted Quran writer of Muhammad (PBUH) is still in the Quran.

Translated from the works of https://www.facebook.com/russel495

 In Search of Truth

Part 3

Now, knowing the identity of Hazrat Amr Ibnul As (R.A.) here will help us to discuss the next incident. When Hazrat Omar (RA) expressed his desire to conquer Iraq, people said that it would not be possible to conquer Iraq without Khalid bin Alid (RA), the commander of the time of Abu Bakr (RA). Omar (RA) said, "I have a wiser and stronger commander than Khalid bin Ali." He was referring to Hazrat Amr Ibnul As.

Amr ibn al-As not only occupied Iraq, but also occupied western Syria and Jerusalem. Hazrat Omar was pleased and assigned him the task of conquering Egypt. By capturing Egypt and Alexandria, Amr ibn al-As proved that he was a mightier warrior than Khalid bin Ali.

Five years later, about twenty-five years of Hijri. In the meantime, Amr Ibnul As (RA) was deposed from the ruling authority of Egypt by Usman (RA). The Greek Emperor Constantine, within a year, not only expelled the Muslim invaders from Alexandria, but also freed the whole of Egypt from Muslim rule. Caliph Usman was in danger. Compelled, Prophet’s Companion sought refuge with Amr ibn al-As (RA) and requested the recovery of Egypt. Amr ibn al-As retook Egypt and Alexandria to the Muslims almost without a fight. Caliph Usman obliged and put Amr ibn al-As in charge of Egypt's military and revenue departments; But Abdullah bin Saad bin Abi Sarah remained the governor. The dual rule of Abdullah bin Saad bin Abu Sarah (RA) and Amr Ibnul As (RA) continued in Egypt.

Those two companions of Prophet, Abdullah bin Saad bin Abu Sarah (RA) and Amr Ibnul Asr (RA) were each other's eyesores. In a power struggle, they continued to issue contradictory orders to each other. In the end, Caliph Usman himself took responsibility for investigating the matter. The complaint of Hazrat Abdullah bin Saad was: Hazrat Amr Ibnul As captured Alexandria during the war with the Greeks, plundered the houses of the common people and embezzled a lot of goods. Many Greek women were kept as his personal slaves and forced exorbitant taxes from the people. On the other hand, the complaint of Amr Ibnul As (R.A.) was: Abdullah bin Sa'd (R.A.) was a man of arrogance and bad character. He was the cursed person by Prophet and did not believe in the Qur'an as the 'Word of Allah'. Perhaps no one was more aware of the latter charge against Abdullah bin Sa'd than Hazrat Usman. He hid his adopted brother in his house for three days and saved him from the death warrant from Muhammad (pbuh).

Caliph Uthman (RA) found Hazrat Amr Ibnul As guilty in the trial. By expelling him from the state power once again, Usman (RA) put his hands in the snake's cave. Hazrat Amr Ibnul As, furious at the nepotism of Caliph Uthman, roared like a lion.

Hazrat Usman (RA) has been in power for just one year. In the meantime, the internal disputes of the state, irregularities in the payment of taxes to the governors of the provinces, bitterness between the Hashimi and Umayyad clans, and above all, the food in Medina, the Caliph was very worried. The governor of Syria, Hazrat Moabiya (R.A.), came forward to help. Advised to invade Armenia and neighboring areas of Asia Minor. Uthman (R.A.) hoped to stay in power for a while longer, at least a source of income was found; Because war means getting a lot of booty.

After Omar's death, the Armenians were at peace for only a few days. Once again, the hilly region trembled with the sound of 'Allahu Akbar'. Freedom-minded Armenians came down the mountain to sacrifice their lives for their country. The Muslim soldiers pounced on them like lions hungry for a thousand days. Thousands of fresh Armenian lives fell under the bright sword of the Muslims in a bloody war. The white fountains of the mountains awere colored by the streams of Armenian blood. Defeated in the war, they entered into an agreement with the Muslims on the condition of paying double the previous rate of taxes.

After conquering Armenia, the Muslim army did not return home. They continued the expansion of the empire in full swing. The Muslims, excited by joy of victory, easily captured the city of Tiflis in the western part of Armenia and reached the Black Sea coast. Thence south to the city of the Levant on the east coast of the Mediterranean. Here they fought fiercely with the Greeks. Perhaps no one in the world at that time had the power to stop the Muslim army. So, country after country, the Muslims began to feel complacent by destroying the traditional ancient culture and traditional civilization of the ages.

Along with the expansion of the states, the central government also kept getting additional wealth from the war. But the wealth of this loot was not used for the development of the country or changing the fate of the common people. Both power and wealth remained in the hands of the Quraysh.

Day by day the disparity between the ruler and the exploited continued to increase. In the frontier regions of the vast Muslim empire, the soldiers indulged in destruction and plunder, while the rulers within the kingdoms became accustomed to a life of luxury.

When the governor of Syria, Muabiya (RA) advised Hazrat Usman (RA) to attack Armenia, at about the same time Abdullah Bin Saad (RA) of Egypt wanted to attack Tripoli (currently the capital of Libya). He had to wait for a long time due to power conflict with Amr Ibnul As (RA) and internal disturbances in the country.

Hazrat Abdullah bin Sa'd (RA) prepared to attack Tripoli again in 652 AD and requested Usman (RA) to send troops. Usman (RA) sent a group of special warriors from Medina towards Tripoli. This prolonged war was very terrible and bloody. At one point, when the Muslim soldiers were preparing to retreat, Hazrat Zobair (R.A.), a brilliant Quraysh warrior from Madinah, gave a valuable advice to Abdullah bin Sa'd (R.A.). He said:

"Let it be proclaimed among the Muslim army that whoever can cut off the head of Gregorius, the governor of Tripoli, will be rewarded with one hundred thousand gold coins and also the beautiful young daughter of Gregorius".

The declaration went to work. Within a few days, Gregorius' head was split in two and brought to the army camp. And captive was the heroic daughter of Grigerius, the incomparably beautiful young woman, who always fought side by side with her father in arms.

The Muslim commander had no difficulty in distributing the reward of hundred thousand gold coins, the problem was with the girl. A herd of hungry soldiers stared with thirsty eyes at a single girl. The princess herself solved the problem. According to historian William Moore, Gregorius' heroine willingly accepts death rather than subjugation. She committed suicide before becoming the bed fellow of a Muslim soldier.

Caliph Usman (R.A.) was overjoyed to see the huge wealth that the Muslim army had gained in the Battle of Tripoli, and bestowed the title of 'Great Warrior' on the victorious leader Abdullah bin Saad (R.A.). Never before had it been possible to gain so much wealth in any war. According to the rules, one fifth of the war booty was to be deposited in the revenue sector. Usman (R.A.) overjoyed, gave almost all of this huge wealth to Abdullah bin Saad and his own minister Mawan. However, the Caliph had no other choice. While Usman (RA) was struggling to manage state without Baitulmal, the wars in Armenia and Tripoli were the only means of sustaining his power. So the Caliph himself promised Abdullah bin Sa'd before the Battle of Tripoli to distribute such wealth if the war was won. The people could not accept it with satisfaction. It should be noted that Abdullah bin Saad and Marwan were both Umayyas and relatives of Caliph Hazrat Usman (RA).

After conquering Tripoli, the Muslim army occupied Algeria and Morocco. Now on the other side of the sea to the north of Morocco, their eyes fell on the alluring land of Spain, covered with flowers and fruits, and covered with green and beautiful fields. After receiving the news, Caliph Usman could not control his greed. Hastily sent two mighty warriors named Abdullah bin Nafe bin Hasin and Abdullah bin Nafe bin Abde Qays towards Spain along with a group of soldiers from Medina. The Quraish desert-bandits had not yet mastered the art of high seas piracy. So when they came to the sea-shore they were forced to abandon the hope of conquering Spain for the time being.

While Abdullah bin Saad was engaged in naval warfare off the coast of Cyprus, Hazrat Muabiya set out to capture Constantine in a land battle. Muabiyah (RA) tried twice to capture Constantine but failed.

In order to know how the condition of other provinces of the Muslim empire was during the reign of Caliph Uthman, let's take a look at Kufa and Basra. Hazrat Saad Ibn Abi Waqqas (RA) was the governor of Kufa during the reign of Hazrat Omar (RA). Caliph Omar (RA) did a great deed before his death. Hazrat Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqas (RA) was removed from the post of governor of Kufa and Hazrat Mughira Ibn Shoba (RA) was appointed as the governor of Kufa. But the misery of the unfortunate common people of Kufa did not go away. Hazrat Mughira Ibn Shoba (R.A.) was very harsh, arrogant and angry. When the news of his discriminatory obscene behavior, individualistic character and utter contempt for the people reached the ears of Caliph Usman (R.A.), he got fed up and dismissed Mughira Ibn Shoba (R.A.) from the post of governor. But to the disappointment of the people, Hazrat Usman (RA) again appointed that luxuriant companion Hazrat Saad Ibn Abi Waqqas (RA) to the said post.

Hazrat Saad (RA) realized the opportunity and became more luxurious than before. Not only that, this time he embezzled a huge amount of government money from Baitulmal. At that time the treasurer of Baitul-Mal was Sahabi Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Masood (RA). It was noted that the current governor of Kufa, Saad Ibn Abi Waqqas (RA) was the goat herder of Aqaba Ibn Abu Mu'it in East Mecca.

The governor and the treasurer were bitter and quarreled over the money of Baitulmal. Abusing each other, harsh treatment reached such a level that finally charges of embezzlement against the governor were presented to the court of Caliph Usman (RA). Hazrat Saad (RA) was found guilty in the trial.

The one who was appointed as the governor of Kufa that time was Caliph Usman's (RA) half-brother, the famous hero Alid Ibn Oqba (RA). The Quraish-Hashimi tribe got fired up. Alid Ibn Oqaba, the newly appointed ruler of Kufa, was the son of Oqba, the mortal enemy of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). One incident with the Prophet was known to the people of Kufa: Oqba was captured by the Muslim soldiers in a battle and asked the Prophet in a voice full of hatred and contempt, what will his children eat if he (Oqba) dies? In reply, the Prophet said, Hellfire will consume. That Okbar's son, Alid, was already known to people as a man of dishonest character. In anger and hatred, the people of Kufa repeatedly complained to Caliph Usman but did not get any results. Ordinary people were forced to bow down in front of the harsh repression policy of Alid.

Finally at the end of injustice, tyranny and arbitrariness, Hazrat Alid (RA) was caught in the trap of the crowd one day. Accustomed to drinking, Hazrat Alid (R.A.) became intoxicated and fell asleep one day in such a way that some people removed a ring with the state seal from his finger and took it to the Caliph in Madinah as proof of his bad character. Moreover, they also complained to the Caliph that one day he got drunk and offered four rakats instead of the obligatory two rakats during the Fajr prayer at the time of Imamat in the mosque. The Caliph was forced to depose Hazrat Alid to prevent protests throughout the country. After that, Hazrat Alid never saw Caliph Usman in person again.

That time, Caliph Usman appointed Hazrat Saeed bin Al-Ask, a young warrior of the Quraish clan, as ruler of Kufa. There was no lack of the Quraish nature of inhuman, the evil character in that man.

The people of Kufa knew the arrogance and conceit of the Quraish. The new governor appeared worse than all previous rulers. He informed the Caliph in a letter that the local non-Muslims, and the non-Quraish Muslims were of inferior status and beasts, and said that he would punish them with an iron rod. He publicly declared that only the Quraysh dynasty could claim nobility, dignity and high status.

In Medina, in Egypt, in Kufa, only the people of the Umayya clan held important positions in government; Why would the Hashimi tribe tolerate such arrogance? They continued to prepare for harsh measures against the Caliph.

Translated from the works of https://www.facebook.com/russel495

 In Search of Truth

Part 4

Basora was the birthplace of Hazrat Hasan Basori (RA) and Hazrat Rabeya Basori (RA), two special figures in the history of Islam. The Mu'tajila doctrine of free thinking also originated from this Basra in Iraq. Basra is second only to Kufa in terms of political importance.

In the year 24 Hijri, Hazrat Omar (RA) appointed Hazrat Abu Musa-Ashari (RA) as the governor of Basra. Abu Musa-Ash'ari became a terrible self-righteous dictator by wrongly abusing his power for a long time. Abu Musa-Ash'ari, while describing the virtues of Jihad in the mosque in preparation for the conquest of an area, said that walking into the field of Jihad brings many heavenly rewards. People said, his words contain falsehood and arrogance. The next morning, the common Jihadis witnessed to their amazement, the Governor Abu Musa-Ash'ari (R.A.) riding a swift horse in royal attire, coming out of the palace. Forty donkeys carried his war-equipment. Some people stood in his way. Abu Musa Ash'ari (R.A.) called those people low, lowly, idiots and threatened them with severe punishment.

Abu Musa (ra) divided the state into two classes, the privileged and the deprived, by giving his relatives too many privileges. Disenfranchised groups began to organize and at one point their rebellion spread as far as Medina. Caliph Usman (RA) dismissed Abu Musa-Ash'ari (RA) as governor in 29 AH, sensing the signs of an imminent civil war.

The civil war was prevented but the misery of the people of Basra was not removed. Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Amir, the cousin of Caliph Usman (RA) came to power in Basra that time. That man was more violent than Khalid bin Walid and Amr Ibn al-Aas. As soon as he came to power, he banned the rights of non-Quraysh to state power.

Abdullah Ibn Amir was a man of horrible nature. His inhuman harsh regime created terror in the minds of common people. Gradually the entire Muslim world was divided into two parts. Quraish vs. non Quraish. On the one hand, as Caliph Usman's (R.A.) expansion of the kingdom, the occupation of various countries and areas, and the suppression of rebellion in the occupied areas continued, on the other hand, within the country, the Hashimi clan of Muhammad (PBUH) against the ruling Umayyas of Hazrat Usman, the non-Arabs against the Arabs, the non-Arabs against the Quraish, the ruler against the ruler. The struggle for survival of the exploited continued.

When the rulers of Egypt, Kufa and Basra, who had been deposed by Hazrat Usman, gathered together and planned to overthrow the Caliph, Usman (RA) took the initiative to compile the Qur'an in order to stay in power for a few more days in his old age. Since the trial of the murderous son of Omar (RA), the people had not seen an example of following the Sharia law of the Qur'an in the administration of the state of Caliph Usman. So, for good reason, the common people could not help being skeptical about the Caliph's initiative to compile the Qur'an. However, Hazrat Usman did not include his foster brother, the Ruler of Egypt, a non-believer in the miracles of the Qur'an, the Word of God, Abdullah bin Sa'd bin Abi Sarah (RA) in the Qur'an Compilation Committee.

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) could read and write. But he did not write the Qur'an himself. His utterances were claimed to be divine oracles, and the audience tried to remember them as best they could. Some wrote his words on stones, palm leaves, paper specially made from tree leaves, animal skins and pieces of wood, and even memorized them. The stories of Muhammad (pbuh) heard from the followers of other books and the words that people heard from Muhammad (pbuh), scattered sentences written in different materials, scattered, isolated were the Holy Book 'Al-Qur'an'. The poetic rhythm, word order of the Qur'an was borrowed from contemporary and pre-Islamic Arabic poets.

One day when Prophet's youngest daughter Hazrat Fatima (RA) was reciting 'Sura Qamar' (Moon) of Quran, the daughter of the famous Poet of Arabia Imrul Qays was present there. Qays's daughter became angry and said to Hazrat Fatimah: 'Alas, this is a line of a poem written by my father. Your father copied my father's poetry and inserted it into the Qur'an as the word of God.' Christian religious devotional poem of Imrul Qays was written before the birth of Muhammad (pbuh) and the poet Imrul Qays died before Muhammad's birth but his poems were popular in Arabia.

It is known from history that the idea of making the Qur'an in a bibliography first came to the mind of Hazrat Omar. When Hazrat Omar proposed that to Khalifa Abu Bakr, Abu Bakr did not agree at first. Abu Bakr (RA) knew that the matter was sensitive and difficult. When Caliph Usman took this initiative again, it was found that there was a huge difference between the Qur'an from different areas including Syria, Kufa, Basra, Azerbaijan, Egypt and the Qur'an compiled by Hazrat Omar in Madinah and collected by his daughter Hafsa.

Arbitrary, tyrannical, aspiring to dominate Muslims all over the world, when the Quraysh rulers claimed the Qur'anic instructions to torture, misrule and exploit their subjects, the oppressed subjects also tried to prove with the same Qur'an that the rulers had modified the Qur'an according to their interests and misinterpretation. Prophet’s companion Hazrat Abu Jawhar Giffari (R.A.) directly accused the dictator of Syria, Hazrat Moabiya, of being an 'anti-Qur'an ruler'. Abu Jawhar quoted from the Qur'an and said: 'You have built palaces with the wealth of the people and lived luxuriously in royal guises, which is contrary to the Qur'an.' Muabiya (RA) reprimanded Abu Jawhar Giffari (RA) and said: 'Yoo are all diots, state revenue and wealth, the owner is not the people. Allah alone is the owner of all wealth and Allah has appointed me as the caliph to guard His wealth. Wealth will be used not by the people, but by the will of the Caliph’.

When Caliph Usman himself, along with all the provincial governors of the entire Muslim empire, was considered aas anti-Qur'an, un-Islamic ruler by the people, then there is no telling how much Hazrat Usman's compilation of the Qur'an would be appreciated by the people. Hazrat Usman with Zaid Bin Thabit (R.A.) formed a Qur'an Compilation Committee with 12 members including Abdullah Ibn Jubair, Saad Ibnul As and Abdur Rahman Bin Hares. He instructed that in case of linguistic disagreement with the Ohi writers of Medina, the committee should follow the language of the Quraysh. The Caliph also said: "The Qur'an prepared by this committee will be the fully valid Qur'an approved by the government and all other Qur'ans of the state will be considered invalid." The Qur'an was written and edited by the state. Hazrat Usman ordered the committee to make 7 copies of the Quran. He sent 7 copies of the Quran to 7 states and ordered to burn all the remaining copies in the fire. All privately circulated Qurans were burned. That time, not Arabs and non-Arabs, Hashimi-Umayyas, Quraish, non Quraish, people from all areas of all provinces of the kingdom, people from all walks of life rose up against the Caliph.

A large territory was unjustly occupied; the status, standards, promotions, the world's endless wealth, treasures, property, slaves, maids were all attained. But alas! Alas, the religion of peace! Alas, the equality of Islam! After taking the lives of countless innocent men and women, children and teenagers, drinking so much human blood did not stop it’s thirst for blood. Islam is now trying to drink its own blood. Anti-government organizations were formed from all areas of the state. They have one point, one demand: the fall of the dictatorship. A brief introduction of those who came forward to lead the all-party struggle is given below:

Hazrat Muhammad Ibn Abu Bakr (RA): Muhammad Ibn Abu Bakr (RA) was the youngest son of Hazrat Abu Bakr, the most beloved companion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the first Caliph of Islam, and the brother of Aisha, the youngest wife of Prophet Muhammad. Muhammad Ibn Abu Bakr, the third caliph, accused Hazrat Omar's selection committee of conspiracy, conspiracy and nepotism.

Hazrat Muhammad Ibn Abu Huzaifa (RA): The son of Hazrat Abu Huzaifa (RA), a highly respected companion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), was also named 'Muhammad'. After the death of his father in the battle of Yamama (during the reign of Abu Bakr), he was brought up in the house of Caliph Usman.

Growing up, Muhammad Ibn Abu Huzaifa realized that the tyranny that was going on in the world in the name of spreading Islam could not be supported by religion in any way. After leaving his homeland, Muhammad Ibn Abu Huzaifa (RA) moved to Egypt. The original inhabitants of Egypt, the 'Kivbati community', could not tolerate the rule of the Quraish. Muhammad Ibn Abu Huzaifa (R.A.) came to the side of the oppressed people of Egypt. He pointed to Abdullah bin Saad bin Abi Sarah, the governor of Egypt, and pointed to the luxurious real face of the rulers. Muhammad Ibn Abu Bakr and Muhammad Ibn Abu Huzaifa came to Egypt and raised public opinion against injustice for 12 long years.

Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Saba (RA): Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Saba hated luxurious life. He had no greed for power and money. He had great respect for Hazrat Ali. He believed that Hazrat Ali would be the first caliph after the Prophet's death as all the qualities of Prophet Muhammad were present in Hazrat Ali. Three successive Caliphs seized power by force and injustice. In Basra, Abdullah ibn Saba continued to campaign for his beliefs.

Abdullah bin Amir, governor of Basra, expelled Abdullah ibn Saba from his country. Abdullah Ibn Saba moved to Kufa. Hazrat Ali already had many supporters there. A large number of people supported his faith in Basra and Kufa. Then Abdullah Ibn Saba went to Syria. In Syria, Hazrat Usman's Umayya government was on the move to Hazrat Moabiya, the suffocating condition of the Hashemite dynasty. Abdullah ibn Saba eventually left Syria and joined Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr and Muhammad ibn Abu Huzaifa in Egypt. Here he founded an organization called Sabayi.

Hazrat Ali (R.A.) noticed that the revolt of the subjects against the autocrats was intensifying throughout the Muslim world and gave some subtle advice to Caliph Usman. 80-year-old Hazrat Usman was a clear proof of how blind people could be by the greed of power and wealth. He did not accept the advice of Ali (RA) but slandered Hazrat Ali as an instigator of rebellion.

Hazrat Ali (R.A.) noticed that the revolt of the subjects against the autocrats was intensifying throughout the Muslim world and gave some subtle advice to Caliph Usman. 80-year-old Hazrat Usman was a clear proof of how blind people could be by the greed of power and wealth. Then...

The situation in the country was getting worse day by day. Seeing the entire country in an explosion of mass agitation, Hazrat Usman suddenly introduced a new practice: 'Transfer of Tenancy, Jagirdari and Zamindari system. Hazrat Usman did this for two purposes. Namely: One, to gain the support of wealthy people of one's own family. Two, to make the poor people poorer than poor, and the peasants landless.

Arguing in favor of his ruinous law, he said - 'The population has increased excessively in the country. The lower classes has outnumbered the elite and civility and decency are suffering as a result. Most of the Muslim newcomers to the country are nomadic-Bedouins or rural non-Arabs. They are stupid and barbaric. Their tastes, behavior is ugly, rude language, uncivilized customs and insolent. The peace of the country is being endangered by them’.

In fact, that situation arose as a result of constant warfare. In the name of preaching religion, the Arabs accepted murder, robbery and robbery as a profession. Robbery was not only a profitable legal business, but also a virtuous deed, the rulers preached. There was no movement other than accepting Islam as a means of survival for common people and accepting banditry. People from all walks of life became Muslims in droves, joined the army and shared in the looted wealth, bringing with them superstition, disorder, vulgarity, disorder, ignorance and anarchy. Moreover, whores, captured as a commodity to satisfy the sex appetite of the powerful and wealthy companions, became a nuisance to the society and the rulers with their bastard children.

No one was left to understand that Caliph Usman's 'transfer of tenancy, jagirdari and zamindari system' was not introduced to save a nation from certain destruction, which was plunged into extreme moral decay. Several Companions objected to this.

That time, the eminent ulama of the country, famous companion group of the Prophet joined the rebel group. Even Hazrat Talha (RA), Hazrat Jobair (RA), who was once known as Usman's right hand, Sahabi Ibn-Masud (RA), the treasurer of Kufa, and many companions and government officials went against the Caliph.

Hazrat Usman followed a strict policy of repression. Some of the Companions were expelled from the country, some people were summoned to Palace and inflicted inhuman and cruel punishment with his own hands. Hazrat Usman's language towards the rebels was very vulgar, unspeakable, indecent. Hazrat Ali also did not escape Usman's foul language abuse.

Unbelievable but true, Prophet’s companion Hazrat Abdur Rahman Bin Awf (RA) who was chosen by Hazrat Omar to be the head of the Caliph Selection Committee, Usman was selected as Caliph, Prophet’s companion Hazrat Zaid Bin Thabit (R) whom Usman made the head of his 'Qur'an Compilation Committee', Companion Hazrat Amr Ibnul As, on whose words Uthman (RA) freed Ubaidullah, the murderous son of Hazrat Omar, without punishment, along with Hazrat Ali (RA) came to the front line of the rebel group.

From the village to the city, from the city to the capital, the fire of rebellion was burning. Seeing the dire situation, the Governor of Syria, Moabiya, sent a message to the Caliph - 'Amirul Momineen, come to Syria as soon as possible, your life is no longer safe in Medina, or impose martial law, I will help with troops.' The Caliph did nothing.

Madina was hot with the wind of popular uprising. Usman sensed the imminent danger. He remembered Hazrat Ali. Uthman (RA) admitted his mistake by calling Hazrat Ali. In fact, he did not admit the mistake. He wanted to use Hazrat Ali to achieve political objectives.

Ali remembered the tainted days of the long 12 year rule of the power and wealth hungry, egotistical, arbitrary Usman. Caliph Usman released Hazrat Obaidullah, the son of Hazrat Omar, the murderer of three innocent people, without punishment. By compiling and editing the Quran, he burnt the handwritten 'Qur'an' of people all over the state. The people of the world wiould never know what was written on them. By forcibly occupying the land of poor farmers and expanding the mosque in Medina, they made people homeless. Tainted the ideals of the Prophet by taxing horses. By enacting the 'Transfer of Tenure' Act, he made his relatives of the Umayya clan zamindars that is permanent land owners, and made the common people beggars. Drug addicts, adulterers, liars, self-proclaimed terrorists of the country, who have no character had been appointed as governors. The governor of Kufa, who had embezzled money from the Baytulmal, publicly abused his treasurer, Companion Ibn-Masud, in the words of the infamous Alid. On seeing Ibn-Masud in the mosque that day, Usman said, 'Look, the slave's degenerate child has come, he defecates on the same plate he eats'.

Earlier, Ibn-Masud (R.A.) could not bear the injustice of Hazrat Ali, the governor of Kufa, and resigned and moved to Madinah. Hazrat Ayesha came out from the house adjacent to the mosque after hearing Usman's abuse and said, "You are abusing the faithful companions of the Prophet like that?" The Caliph got very angry at Ayesha's words and kicked Ibn-Masud (R.A.) in such a way that one of the bones of Companiom Masud's back was broken. Usman dragged Masood unconscious that day, He threw him out of the 'Masjid Nawabi'.

A few days ago Companion Hazrat Ammar Ibn Yasir (RA) protested the economic arbitrariness of Caliph Usman. Because some people of Madinah accused the Caliph of stealing war booty, some gold ornaments and gems and pearls from Baitulmal. They also showed evidence of that ornament on several of the Caliph's relatives. Usman (RA) said in the language of Moab, "Allah is the owner of the wealth of Baitulmal." I am Allah's chosen caliph. One cannot become a caliph without God's nomination. The wealth will be used as I wish, you have no say in it'. Ammar Ibn Yaser and Hazrat Ali said together - "Khalifa, by Allah, I will be your first protestant, you will have to answer for the wealth of Baitulmal". Caliph Uthman imprisoned Ammar ibn Yasir and punished him in such a way that he lay unconscious and dead in the house of Umm Salma (RA) for three days. Ayesha was also present in that room. Hazrat Usman also said to Hazrat Ali that day: 'If you exaggerate too much, you will also be like Ammar'. Ali also showed his bloodshot eyes and said - 'Usman, self-confident, by Allah, my father is better than your father, my mother is better than your mother, my status with the Prophet is much higher than yours. By ordering me to leave the country, you can try once to see where the water flows!' Ali remembered these things and said, 'Today I cannot help you. I have warned you many times before, advised you, but you did not listen. Rather, a few days ago, a prominent companion, Hazrat Abu Jawhar Giffari (R.A.), drove him out of the country without any crime. When I protested against this, you on behalf of your minister Marwan abused me in obscene language and almost choked me out of the prasad.'

Usman said - 'Ali, I will accept all the complaints of the people and accept their demands, you return them from Medina.'

Hazrat Ali told Usman one by one the complaints and demands that the rebels had previously made to him. Hearing the allegations, Hazrat Usman laid all the blame on the two previous Caliphs, especially Hazrat Omar. He pointed out the names of some of the companion notorious miscreants and said, 'Look Ali, they have been appointed as governors by the second Caliph Omar. You know what kind of person the governor of Syria, Moabiya, is. Will my caliphate last even one day by removing people like him?’

Usman also said in a very humble language, 'Look, the last two caliphs also made many mistakes but no one ever demanded their resignation, why is this happening in my case? I will accept all the demands of the people except one demand. I cannot give up power’.

Translated from the works of https://www.facebook.com/russel495